five scrolls

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King David playing the harp from BL Add 15282, f. 302

King David playing the harp from BL Add 15282, f. 302

Detail of an initial-word panel with King David playing harp in the middle flanked by a lion and a stag. Image taken from f. 302 of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Targum Onkelos (ff.... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 258v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 258v

Dtail of a page: decorated initial-word panel at the beginning of Esther. Image taken from f. 258v of Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~ and the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Genesis from BL Harley 7621, f. 1

Genesis from BL Harley 7621, f. 1

Historiated initial-word panel, ~Bereshit~ (in the beginning), of the Original Sin, at the beginning of Genesis. Above the initial word, Adam and Eve are depicted under a tree holding apples, while the snake is... More

Carmina figurata from BL Harley 1861, f. 157v

Carmina figurata from BL Harley 1861, f. 157v

~Carmina figurata~: Rashi's commentary in the outer margin is written in the form of a fleur-de-lis. Image taken from f. 157v of Pentateuch with Targum and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-219); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh... More

Frontispiece from BL Add 15283, f. 114v

Frontispiece from BL Add 15283, f. 114v

Frontispiece at the beginning of Numbers: initial-word panel is decorated with penwork and full foliate border. Image taken from f. 114v of Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~ and the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Writt... More

Tabernacle from BL Add 26878, f. 111v

Tabernacle from BL Add 26878, f. 111v

Detail: micrography of the entire Tabernacle (or the Ark of the Covenant?) with the tablets of Law in the margin. Image taken from f. 111v of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-272), F... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 242v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 242v

Decorated initial-word panel at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 242v of Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~ and the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Micrography from BL Add 21160, f. 300v

Micrography from BL Add 21160, f. 300v

Full-page micrography of foliate scroll with dragons, at the text of Ruth. Image taken from f. 300v of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-273), ~Haftarot~ (ff. 274-297v), and Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~... More

Catchword from BL Or 2696, ff. 194v-195

Catchword from BL Or 2696, ff. 194v-195

Decorated catchword, ~way-yikra~ (and He called) on the verso side of the last folio of a quire. Image taken from ff. 194v-195 of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~) and ~Haftarot~ with ~masorah~ and R... More

The Tree of Life from BL Add 11639, f. 122

The Tree of Life from BL Add 11639, f. 122

Full-page miniature of the Tree of Life guarded by four angels. Caption in the outer margin: 'This is the Tree of Life and a flaming sword that turned every way' (cf. Gen. 3:24). Image taken from f. 122 of Misc... More

Ram from BL Add 15282, f. 28 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Ram from BL Add 15282, f. 28 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Micrography of the ram stuck in the bush in the outer margin, at the Sacrifice of Isaac (Genesis 22). Image taken from f. 28 of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-2... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 345

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 345

Initial-word panel inhabited by two dragons, a hybrid, a spread eagle and a lion in medallions, and decorated by gold letters and pen-flourishing, at the beginning of Deuteronomy. Image taken from f. 345 of Pen... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 113v

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 113v

Detail: initial-word panel inhabited by a lion and a bird, and decorated with gold letters, white vine motifs, and foliate motif at the corners, at the beginning of ~parashat wa-era~ (Ex. 6:2-9:35). Image taken... More

Carmina figurata from BL Or 2696, f. 44

Carmina figurata from BL Or 2696, f. 44

Carmina figurata in the outer margin of a text page. Image taken from f. 44 of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls (Hamesh megillot) and Haftarot with masorah and Rash's commentary. Written in Hebrew.

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 28v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 28v

Initial-word panel, ~We-elleh~ (and these) with gold letters and foliate decoration, at the beginning of Exodus. Above the panel, figural micrography from masoretic notes. Image taken from f. 28v of Pentateuch ... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 27167, f. 441

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 27167, f. 441

Initial-word panel ~Wa-yehi biyemei Ahashwerush hu~ (now it came to pass in the days of Ahasverus) decorated with penwork and pen-flourishing in the margins, at the beginning of Esther. Image taken from f. 441 ... More

Decorated frontispiece from BL Add 27167, f. 148v

Decorated frontispiece from BL Add 27167, f. 148v

Frontispiece at the beginning of Leviticus: initial-word panel with penwork decoration and full floral border inhabited by birds. Image taken from f. 148v of Pentateuch (the 'Almanzi Pentateuch') with ~Haftarot... More

Genesis from BL Add 11639, f. 5v

Genesis from BL Add 11639, f. 5v

Initial-word panel, ~Bereshit~ (In the beginning) at the beginning of Genesis. The initial-word panel inhabited by dragons and connected to a vertical band running on the outer margin of the folio. Image taken ... More

Samuel beheading Agag from BL Add 11639, f. 526

Samuel beheading Agag from BL Add 11639, f. 526

Full-page miniature of Samuel beheading Agag (1Sam. 15:33). Image taken from f. 526 of Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): inclu... More

Chalice from BL Add 26878, f. 269

Chalice from BL Add 26878, f. 269

~Carmina figurata~ of a chalice held by an arm, at ~parashat we-zot ha-berakhah~ (Deut. 33:1-34:12). Image taken from f. 269 of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-272), Five Scrolls (~... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 3

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 3

Detail: decorated initial-word panel ~Bereshit~ (In the beginning), at the beginning of Genesis. Image taken from f. 3 of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~) and ~Haftarot~ with ~masorah~ and Rash's co... More

The zodiac cycle from BL Add 11639, f. 516v

The zodiac cycle from BL Add 11639, f. 516v

Full-page miniature of the plan of nine spheres according to the Ptolemaic system. Outermost circle: the Hebrew names of the zodiac signs, the second circle: names of Hebrew months corresponding to the zodiac s... More

Carmina figurata from BL Harley 1861, f. 219

Carmina figurata from BL Harley 1861, f. 219

Main text (end of Deuteronomy and a colophon of the scribe) is written in geometrical forms; Rashi's commentary and another colophon in the outer margin are written in the form of the Hebrew word hazaq (Be stro... More

Lion from BL Harley 5709, ff. 146v-147

Lion from BL Harley 5709, ff. 146v-147

Drawing of a lion and a bird in the inner margin under the Targumic text, at ~parashat be-huqqotai~ (Lev. 26:3-27:34). Image taken from ff. 146v-147 of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi’s commentary (ff.... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 55

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 55

Inhabited initial-word panel, ~Way-yikra~ (and the Lord called) with gold letters and with two dragons, at the beginning of Leviticus. Image taken from f. 55 of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Fiv... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 11639, f. 20v

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 11639, f. 20v

Initial-word panel, ~Wa-yeshev~ (And Jacob dwelt in the land) inhabited by two hybrids, at the beginning of ~Parashat wa-yeshev~ (Gen. 37:1-40:23). Image taken from f. 20v of Miscellany of biblical and other te... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 1v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 1v

Decorated initial-word panel, ~Bereshit~ (in the beginning), at the beginning of Genesis. Image taken from f. 1v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~Haftarot~, an... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 242v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 242v

Detail of a page: decorated initial-word panel at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 242v of Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~ and the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Ruth from BL Add 15282, f. 294 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Ruth from BL Add 15282, f. 294 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Detail of a full-page panel: initial-word panel ~Wa-yehi~ (and it came to pass) inhabited by hybrids, a lion and a deer, at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 294 of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's Ge... More

Decorated masoretic list from BL Add 27167, f. 5v

Decorated masoretic list from BL Add 27167, f. 5v

Decorated masoretic list with initial-word panels and a full border, with penwork decoration and pen-flourishing. Image taken from f. 5v of Pentateuch (the 'Almanzi Pentateuch') with ~Haftarot~ and Five Scrolls... More

Initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 195

Initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 195

Detail of a page: initial-word panel with gold letters, pen-flourishing and medallions inhabited by hybrids, at the beginning of the Book of Leviticus. Image taken from f. 195 of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls (~Hame... More

Decorated initial word from BL Add 19776, f. 190

Decorated initial word from BL Add 19776, f. 190

Initial word, ~Bereshit~ (in the beginning) inhabited by animals and hybrids at the beginning of the masoretic notes on Genesis. Image taken from f. 190 of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scr... More

Owls from BL Add 27167, f. 419v

Owls from BL Add 27167, f. 419v

Detail of a decorated initial-word panel at the beginning of Lamentations. Image taken from f. 419v of Pentateuch (the 'Almanzi Pentateuch') with ~Haftarot~ and Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Decorated catchword from BL Add 19776, f. 192v

Decorated catchword from BL Add 19776, f. 192v

Decorated catchword, ~Lot~ (Lot) in the lower margin of the leaf, at the masoretic notes on Genesis. Image taken from f. 192v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 452

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 452

Initial-word panel inhabited by a dragon and a bird, decorated with gold letters, white vine scrolls and gold leaves at the corners, at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 452 of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 1861, f. 223v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 1861, f. 223v

Initial-word panel with penwork decoration, at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 223v of Pentateuch with Targum and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-219); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~; ff. 220-244v); ~Haf... More

Micrography from BL Harley 5773, f. 16v

Micrography from BL Harley 5773, f. 16v

Micrography at Genesis 22-23. Image taken from f. 16v of Pentateuch (the 'London Catalan Pentateuch') (ff. 1v-171v), ~Haftarot~ (ff. 172-225), and Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~; ff. 225-246) with ~masorah ma... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 195

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 195

Initial-word panel with gold letters, pen-flourishing and medallions inhabited by hybrids, at the beginning of the Book of Leviticus. Image taken from f. 195 of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~) and ... More

Micrography from BL Add 21160, f. 187v

Micrography from BL Add 21160, f. 187v

Detail: micrography of a tree with birds, at Numbers (ch. 2-3). Image taken from f. 187v of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-273), ~Haftarot~ (ff. 274-297v), and Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~; ff. 298-3... More

Bar Yokhnai from BL Add 11639, f. 517v

Bar Yokhnai from BL Add 11639, f. 517v

Full-page miniature of a giant bird, ~Bar Yokhnai~, one of the eschatological animals, which the rabbis identified with ~Ziz~. Caption: 'This is a bird which is called Bar Yokhnai'. On ~Bar Yokhnai~ see e.g. Ba... More

Micrography from BL Add 26878, f. 110v

Micrography from BL Add 26878, f. 110v

Micrography of the mitre for the high priest, at ~parashat pequdei~ (Ex. 38:21-40:38), connected to the passage, 'and the cap of linen, and the glorious high hats of linen' (Ex. 39:27). Image taken from f. 110v... More

Carmina figurata of two human heads from BL Add 26878, f. 305

Carmina figurata of two human heads from BL Add 26878, f. 305

Carmina figurata of two human heads, at chapter 4 of Esther. Image taken from f. 305 of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-272), Five Scrolls (Hamesh megillot; ff. 273-311v) and Haftar... More

The dram of the baker from BL Add 15282, f. 58

The dram of the baker from BL Add 15282, f. 58

Marginal micrographic design of foliate scroll and a bird standing on top of three square boxes pecking from the upper one illustrating the chief baker’s dream of Joseph's story saying, ‘I also had a dream: the... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 7621, f. 76v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 7621, f. 76v

Initial-word panel ~Elleh~ (these) decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, and with a medallion containing a coat of arms (of Joab Emmanuel), at the beginning of Exodus. Image taken from f. 76v of Pent... More

Menorah from BL Add 26878, f. 107

Menorah from BL Add 26878, f. 107

Detail: micrography of a menorah in the outer margin. Image taken from f. 107 of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-272), Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~; ff. 273-311v) and ~Haftarot~(... More

Leviticus from BL Add 15282, f. 137

Leviticus from BL Add 15282, f. 137

Full-page miniature with diamonds inhabited by lions and spread eagles both crowned, and with the initial-word panel ~Wa-yiqra~ (and [the Lord] called) in its centre, at the beginning of Leviticus. Image taken ... More

Text page from BL Add 19776, f. 234v

Text page from BL Add 19776, f. 234v

Text page, at the beginning of the masoretic notes on Esther. Image taken from f. 234v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~Haftarot~, and grammatical treatises. W... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 452

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 452

Detail: initial-word panel inhabited by a dragon and a bird, decorated with gold letters, white vine scrolls and gold leaves at the corners, at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 452 of Pentateuch, Five... More

Detail of a page: inhabited initial-word panel at the .. from BL Add 19776, f. 170

Detail of a page: inhabited initial-word panel at the .. from BL Add 1...

Detail of a page: inhabited initial-word panel at the beginning of the grammatical treatise of Yequtiel ben Judah ha-Naqdan, ~Ein ha-Qoreh~ (The Eye of the Reader). The gold initial word, ~Barukh~ (blessed) is ... More

Mivrography from BL Add 15282, f. 57v

Mivrography from BL Add 15282, f. 57v

Marginal micrographic design of foliate scroll. Image taken from f. 57v of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-290), small pieces on the feasts (ff. 291-293v), Five ... More

Song of songs from BL Add 15282, f. 296v

Song of songs from BL Add 15282, f. 296v

Initial-word panel ~Shir~ (song) with Gothic architectural structure inhabited by a unicorn and a bear, in colours. Image taken from f. 296v of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Targum ... More

Text page from BL Add 27167, f. 149

Text page from BL Add 27167, f. 149

Text page. Image taken from f. 149 of Pentateuch (the 'Almanzi Pentateuch') with ~Haftarot~ and Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 11639, f. 306v

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 11639, f. 306v

Inhabited initial-word panel with the name of the scribe ('Benjamin, the scribe') and the first word of a hymn for Passover composed by Benjamin ben Azriel. Image taken from f. 306v of Miscellany of biblical an... More

Dragons from BL Add 11639, f. 68v

Dragons from BL Add 11639, f. 68v

Miniature of a dragon in a panel at the bottom of the first text column, at the end of Leviticus. Initial-word panel ~Wa-yedabber~ (And the Lord spake unto Moses) inhabited by a dragon, at the beginning of Numb... More

Noah's Ark from BL Add 11639, f. 521

Noah's Ark from BL Add 11639, f. 521

Full-page miniature of Noah's Ark with the raven seated on the ark and the dove returning with a sprig of olive in its peak (Gen. 8:7-11). Caption: 'This is Noah in the ark and the dove resting on it'. Image ta... More

Micrography from BL Add 19776, f. 7

Micrography from BL Add 19776, f. 7

Text page from Genesis with micrography from masoretic notes. Image taken from f. 7 of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~Haftarot~, and grammatical treatises. Writ... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19944, f. 4

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19944, f. 4

Initial-word panel decorated with a floral border, and two crowns, at the beginning of the poem ~Keter Malkhut~ (The crown of kingship) by Solomon ibn Gabirol. Image taken from f. 4 of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg P... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19944, f. 71v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 19944, f. 71v

Detail: initial-word panel decorated with a floral border, at the beginning of the Haggadah. Image taken from f. 71v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~Haftarot~... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 96v

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 96v

Initial-word panel, ~Elleh~ (these) with gold letters and inhabited by dragons and hybrids, at the beginning of Deuteronomy. Image taken from f. 96v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scroll... More

Coat of arms from BL Harley 7621, f. 76

Coat of arms from BL Harley 7621, f. 76

Detail of a page: decorated initial-word panel ~Elleh~ (these) and a medallion containing the coat of arms of Joab Emmanuel, at the beginning of Exodus. Image taken from f. 76 of Pentateuch with Rashi's comment... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 258v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Add 15283, f. 258v

Decorated initial-word panel at the beginning of Esther. Image taken from f. 258v of Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~ and the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Palmistry from BL Add 11639, f. 115

Palmistry from BL Add 11639, f. 115

Full-page miniature of a palm of a right hand with chiromantic descriptions. Image taken from f. 115 of Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Mi... More

Aaron as High Priest from BL Add 11639, f. 114

Aaron as High Priest from BL Add 11639, f. 114

Full-page miniature of Aaron pouring oil into the lighted lamps of the Tabernacle menorah. Caption: ‘This is the menorah, and Aaron putting oil to the lamps.’ Image taken from f. 114 of Miscellany of biblical a... More

King David from BL Add 11639, f. 117v

King David from BL Add 11639, f. 117v

Full-page miniature of King David playing a harp. Caption: 'This is King David playing a harp'. Image taken from f. 117v of Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 't... More

Esther from BL Add 15282, f. 307v

Esther from BL Add 15282, f. 307v

Detail of a page: initial-word panel ~Wa-yehi~ (and it came to pass) embedded into a Gothic structure inhabited by dragons and different kinds of animals, at the beginning of Esther. Image taken from f. 307v of... More

King David playing the harp from BL Add 15282, f. 302

King David playing the harp from BL Add 15282, f. 302

Detail of a page: initial-word panel ~Divrei~ (words) with King David playing harp in the middle flanked by a lion and a stag, at the beginning of Ecclesiastes. Image taken from f. 302 of Pentateuch (the 'Duke ... More

Leviticus from BL Add 11639, f. 51v

Leviticus from BL Add 11639, f. 51v

Miniature of a horse in a panel at the bottom of the first text column, at the end of Exodus. Initial-word panel ~Wa-yiqra~ (And the Lord called unto Moses) inhabited by two hybrids, at the top of the second te... More

Owl from BL Add 27167, f. 148v - Public domain medieval manuscript

Owl from BL Add 27167, f. 148v - Public domain medieval manuscript

Detail of a frontispiece at the beginning of Leviticus: initial-word panel with penwork decoration and full floral border inhabited by birds. Image taken from f. 148v of Pentateuch (the 'Almanzi Pentateuch') wi... More

Esther from BL Add 15282, f. 307v

Esther from BL Add 15282, f. 307v

Initial-word panel ~Wa-yehi~ (and it came to pass) embedded into a Gothic structure inhabited by dragons and different kinds of animals, at the beginning of Esther. Image taken from f. 307v of Pentateuch (the '... More

Ram from BL Add 15282, f. 28 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Ram from BL Add 15282, f. 28 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Detail: micrography of the ram stuck in the bush in the outer margin, at the Sacrifice of Isaac (Genesis 22). Image taken from f. 28 of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Targum Onkelos ... More

Micrography of a dragon from BL Add 15282, f. 16

Micrography of a dragon from BL Add 15282, f. 16

Micrography of a dragon with foliate tail in the outer margin, at Genesis 13. Image taken from f. 16 of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-290), small pieces on the... More

Dragon from BL Add 26878, f. 11v

Dragon from BL Add 26878, f. 11v

Detail of a page: decorated initial word accompanied by a dragon in the main text; decorated initial-word panel in the marginal text. Image taken from f. 11v of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commen... More

Initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 39

Initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 39

Initial-word panel with gold letters, foliate motifs at the corners and a small dragon included into a golden medallion, at the beginning of ~parashat hayyei Sarah~ (Gen. 23:1-25:18). Image taken from f. 39 of ... More

Inhabited initial word from BL Add 26878, f. 50v

Inhabited initial word from BL Add 26878, f. 50v

Initial word ~We-elleh~ (and these) inhabited by two dragons, at the beginning of Exodus; unfinished. Image taken from f. 50v of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-272), Five Scrolls (... More

Hybrids and unicorns from BL Add 15282, f. 314

Hybrids and unicorns from BL Add 15282, f. 314

Detail of a page: initial-word panel ~Koh~ (so) incorporated into a Gothic architectural structure inhabited by two armed hybrids and two unicorns, at the beginning of the ~Haftarot~. Image taken from f. 314 of... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 7621, f. 191

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 7621, f. 191

Initial-word panel decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, at the beginning of Numbers. Image taken from f. 191 of Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with co... More

Leviathan from BL Add 11639, f. 518v

Leviathan from BL Add 11639, f. 518v

Full-page miniature of one of the eschatological animals, the Leviathan. Caption: 'This is Leviathan'. Image taken from f. 518v of Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or ear... More

Dragons from BL Add 26878, f. 50v

Dragons from BL Add 26878, f. 50v

Detail of a page: initial word accompanied by dragons. Image taken from f. 50v of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-272), Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~; ff. 273-311v) and ~Haftarot~... More

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 257v

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Or 2696, f. 257v

Initial-word panel with gold letters, pen-flourishing and medallions inhabited by hybrids, at the beginning of Numbers. Image taken from f. 257v of Pentateuch, Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~) and ~Haftarot~ wi... More

Jonah and the fish from BL Add 21160, f. 292

Jonah and the fish from BL Add 21160, f. 292

Detail of a page: micrography of Jonah being swallowed by the fish, at the text of Jonah, the ~haftarah~ for the afternoon service of Yom Kippur. Image taken from f. 292 of Pentateuch with Targum Onkelos (ff. 1... More

Diagram in the calendar from BL Add 11639, f. 542v

Diagram in the calendar from BL Add 11639, f. 542v

Full-page diagram in the calendar. Image taken from f. 542v of Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Ha... More

Decorated masoretic list from BL Add 27167, f. 6

Decorated masoretic list from BL Add 27167, f. 6

Decorated masoretic list with initial-word panels and a full border, with penwork decoration and pen-flourishing. Image taken from f. 6 of Pentateuch (the 'Almanzi Pentateuch') with ~Haftarot~ and Five Scrolls ... More

The Bread of Affliction from BL Add 11639, f. 205

The Bread of Affliction from BL Add 11639, f. 205

Ritual illustration of celebrants around a Seder table with the master of the house lifting the first cup, at the beginning of the Haggadah. Image taken from f. 205 of Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('T... More

Unicorn and bear from BL Add 15282, f. 296v

Unicorn and bear from BL Add 15282, f. 296v

Detail of a page: initial-word panel ~Shir~ (song) inhabited by a bear and a unicorn, at the beginning of Song of Songs. Image taken from f. 296v of Pentateuch (the 'Duke of Sussex's German Pentateuch') with Ta... More

Adam and Eve from BL Harley 7621, f. 1

Adam and Eve from BL Harley 7621, f. 1

Detail of a pge: historiated initial-word panel, ~Bereshit~ (in the beginning), of the Original Sin, at the beginning of Genesis. Above the initial word, Adam and Eve are depicted under a tree holding apples, w... More

Micrography from BL Harley 5773, f. 5v

Micrography from BL Harley 5773, f. 5v

Micrography and decorated ~parashah~ sign at the beginning of ~parashat Noah~ (Gen. 6:9-11:32). Image taken from f. 5v of Pentateuch (the 'London Catalan Pentateuch') (ff. 1v-171v), ~Haftarot~ (ff. 172-225), an... More

Frontispiece from BL Add 15283, f. 48v

Frontispiece from BL Add 15283, f. 48v

Frontispiece at the beginning of Exodus with penwork decoration and full foliate border. Image taken from f. 48v of Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~ and the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~). Written in Hebrew.

Decorated initial-word from BL Add 26878, f. 57

Decorated initial-word from BL Add 26878, f. 57

Initial word of the main text ~wa-yedabber~ (and [God] spoke) decorated by foliate scrolls and hybrid heads. The initial word of the Targumic text is decorated with the head of a dragon and a man, at the beginn... More

Ecclesiastes from BL Add 19776, f. 124

Ecclesiastes from BL Add 19776, f. 124

Text page at the beginning of Ecclesiastes belonging to the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh Megillot~). Image taken from f. 124 of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~Haftarot... More

Esther and Ahasverus from BL Add 11639, f. 260v

Esther and Ahasverus from BL Add 11639, f. 260v

Full-page miniature of Ahasverus handing over the golden scepter to Esther in an architectural frame (Esther 8:4). Caption: 'This is Ahasverus held out the golden sceptre toward Esther, the queen'. Image taken ... More

Lamentations from BL Add 19776, f. 121v

Lamentations from BL Add 19776, f. 121v

Initial word decorated with penwork, on a text page at the beginning of the Book of Lamentations belonging to the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh Megillot~). Image taken from f. 121v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch... More

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 1861, f. 223v

Decorated initial-word panel from BL Harley 1861, f. 223v

Detail of a page: initial-word panel with penwork decoration, at the beginning of Ruth. Image taken from f. 223v of Pentateuch with Targum and Rashi's commentary (ff. 1-219); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~; f... More

Moses and Aaron and Hor from BL Add 11639, f. 525v

Moses and Aaron and Hor from BL Add 11639, f. 525v

Full-page miniature of Moses keeping his hands lifted by the help Aaron and Hor during the war against the Amalekites (Ex. 17:12). Caption: 'This is Moses, and Aaron and Hor supporting his hands'. Image taken f... More

Scenes from the life of Abraham from BL Add 11639, f. 118v

Scenes from the life of Abraham from BL Add 11639, f. 118v

Full-page miniature of scenes from Genesis 18. Upper register: the angel of God and Abraham talking about the whereabouts of Sarah who is standing in the house. Caption: 'This is Sarah who is in the tent and th... More

A scholar from BL Add 19776, f. 54v

A scholar from BL Add 19776, f. 54v

Miniature at the end of Exodus of a man sitting on a bench holding a scroll escorted by a dog, a dragon and a lion. The scroll held by the man as well as the scroll on the right contain masoretic notes. Above t... More

Text page from BL Add 19776, f. 159v

Text page from BL Add 19776, f. 159v

Text page at the beginning of the ~haftarah~ for the first day of Passover (Joshua 3:5-–7; 5:2–6:1 and 27). Image taken from f. 159v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megill... More

Dragons from BL Add 19776, f. 55

Dragons from BL Add 19776, f. 55

Detail: inhabited initial-word panel, ~Way-yikra~ (and the Lord called) with gold letters and with two dragons, at the beginning of Leviticus. Image taken from f. 55 of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with... More

A scholar from BL Add 19776, f. 54v

A scholar from BL Add 19776, f. 54v

Detail of a miniature at the end of Exodus of a man sitting on a bench holding a scroll escorted by a dog, a dragon and a lion. The scroll held by the man as well as the scroll on the right contain masoretic no... More

Deer from BL Add 19776, f. 55v - Public domain document scan of drawing

Deer from BL Add 19776, f. 55v - Public domain document scan of drawin...

Marginal drawing of a deer. Image taken from f. 55v of Pentateuch (the 'Coburg Pentateuch') with the Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~), ~Haftarot~, and grammatical treatises. Written in Hebrew.

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 170

Inhabited initial-word panel from BL Add 19776, f. 170

Inhabited initial-word panel at the beginning of the grammatical treatise of Yequtiel ben Judah ha-Naqdan, ~Ein ha-Qoreh~ (The Eye of the Reader). The gold initial word, ~Barukh~ (blessed) is surrounded by whit... More

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