St. Jerome Instructing his Disciples in the Desert, from Les Eglises Jubilaires (The Paintings of Rome, The Churches Jubilee), plate 11

Jacques Callot was born in Nancy, Lorraine, now France. He came from an aristocratic family and he writes about his noble status in his print inscriptions. He learned engraving in Rome from an expatriate Frenchman, Philippe Thomassin, and probably, from Antonio Tempesta in Florence where he started to work for the Medici. In 1621, he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life. Although he remained in Nancy, his prints were distributed through Europe. He developed several technical innovations that enabled etching lines to be etched more smoothly and deeply. Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers, and Callot made good use of the new techniques. His multiple innovations also achieved unprecedented subtlety in the effects of distance and light even his prints were relatively small – as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension. His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on "the Miseries and Misfortunes of War". These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns before being arrested and executed by their superiors, lynched by peasants, or surviving to live as crippled beggars.

Girolamo Muziano was an Italian painter and architect, born in 1532 in Acquafredda, near Brescia, Italy. He is known for his religious paintings and frescoes, as well as his architectural designs. Muziano began his career as a painter in Rome, where he studied under the famous artist Daniele da Volterra. He quickly gained recognition for his talent and was commissioned to paint several important works for the Vatican, including frescoes in the Sala Regia and the Sala dei Capitani. As well as painting, Muziano was also an accomplished architect. He designed several buildings in Rome, including the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli and the Palazzo dei Conservatori on the Capitoline Hill. Muziano's style is characterised by realism and attention to detail. His paintings often feature dramatic lighting and vibrant colours, and he was renowned for his ability to capture the emotions of his subjects. Muziano died in Rome in 1592, leaving behind a legacy as one of the most talented painters and architects of the Renaissance.