San Pietro in Vincoli, Rom (Constantin Hansen) - Nationalmuseum - 157876

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San Pietro in Vincoli, Rom (Constantin Hansen) - Nationalmuseum - 157876

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New acquisition, June 2014:
View of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome by Constantin Hansen
Nationalmuseum has expanded its fine art collection with the acquisition of a view of Rome with the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in the foreground, painted in 1836 by the Danish artist Constantin Hansen (1804-1880). The oil sketch represents a type of painting that became common in the first half of the 19th century, when artists from northern Europe visited Rome in large numbers. They stayed for several years, developing their artistic sense and technical skill. A key part of their education involved immortalizing views like this in deftly executed oil sketches. Although many of the motifs were well known to the tourists of the time, the artists were equally likely to choose an insignificant view. Their primary goal was to practise depicting light and atmosphere as realistically as possible. The resulting works were therefore not specifically intended for sale or even for public display. In these works, the artists did not need to adhere to convention, but could allow themselves to be subjective in their portrayal. The motifs are often somewhat insignificant, with a perspective that does not immediately focus on what is expected. Instead, the motifs seem to be based on a personal fascination. In recent decades, oil sketches featuring Italian motifs have been increasingly sought after by museums and private collectors alike.
A magical sense of calm hangs over Hansen’s view of the church of San Pietro in Vincoli, largely because the foreground is completely dominated by a quiet, deserted square. One possible explanation is that the artist associated the setting with personal experiences, rather than wishing to document the view as such. From the foreground, the viewer’s eye is directed down a steep street, between a walled garden at left and the church at right, to gaze out over the distant roofs of Rome through a bluish haze. It is easy to imagine how, from the spot where he was painting, the artist would have felt drawn first to the mysterious garden behind the walls, then to the cool, dark interior of the church, and finally to the city beyond, with its infinite number of alleyways teeming with life.
For artists such as Constantin Hansen, sketches like this became treasured souvenirs, which they often kept for the rest of their life. It is conceivable that these paintings are considered so desirable today because of their fresh, realistic depictions. The intervening years are quickly blotted out, and contemporary viewers can easily share the artist’s experience of and fascination with this Roman scene.

The donor, Mrs Ulla-Bella Sandberg (1926–2013), was a long-time member of the Friends of Nationalmuseum and bequeathed her entire estate to the museum. Combined with a generous donation from director Gunnar Hultmark, this bequest enabled the purchase of Constantin Hansen’s exquisite view of Rome. Nationalmuseum has no budget of its own for new acquisitions, but relies on gifting and financial support from private funds and foundations to enhance its collections of fine art and craft. Svenska: Målningen föreställer en vy över Rom från en plats vid kyrkan San Pietro in Vincoli. Utförd under en av konstnärens vistelser i Italien.
Månadens nyförvärv, Juni 2014
Vy av San Pietro in Vincoli i Rom av Constantin Hansen
Ntionalmuseums målerisamling har utökats med en vy av Rom med kyrkan San Pietro in Vincoli i förgrunden, målad 1836 av den danske konstnären Constantin Hansen (1804-1880). Hans oljestudie representerar en typ av måleri som blev vanligt under 1800-talets första hälft när en rad konstnärer från norra Europa vistades i Rom. Där stannade man i flera år för att växa i konstnärlig mening och utveckla en teknisk skicklighet. Ett viktigt led var att i flyhänta oljestudier föreviga utsikter som denna. Även om motiven inte sällan var berömda bland dåtidens turister kunde konstnärerna lika gärna välja en oansenlig vy. Det primära syftet var istället en övning i att så naturtroget som möjligt framställa ljus och atmosfär. Resultatet var därför inte direkt avsett att säljas eller ens visas för publik. Här behövde konstnärerna inte ta hänsyn till konventioner utan kunde tillåta sig att bli subjektiva i sina framställningar. Motiven är ofta ganska oansenliga och med perspektiv som inte omedelbart sätter det förväntade i fokus. Istället verkar de bygga på en personlig fascination. Under de senaste decennierna har oljestudier med italienska motiv blivit alltmer eftertraktade bland såväl museer som privata samlare.
Det vilar ett magiskt lugn över Constantin Hansens vy av kyrkan San Pietro in Vincoli, vilket mycket beror på att bildens förgrund helt domineras av en stillsam och ödslig plats. En möjlig förklaring är att konstnären själv förknippat miljön med egna upplevelser snarare än att han har velat dokumentera vyn i sig. Från förgrunden leds man in mellan en muromgärdad trädgård till vänster och kyrkan till höger längs en brant gata för att slutligen nå ut över taken i ett blånande, disigt Rom. Det är lätt att föreställa sig hur konstnären från punkten där han målat känt dragningskraften först från den hemlighetsfulla trädgården bakom murarna och sedan från de mörka, svala rummen bakom kyrkans fasader samt slutligen från stadens oändlighet av gränder och liv.
För konstnärer som Constantin Hansen blev studier som denna till kära resminnen som de ofta behöll livet ut. En tänkbar förklaring till att dessa målningar är så åtråvärda idag är den friska framställningen och naturtroheten. Det stora tidsavståndet utplånas raskt och vår tids betraktare kan lätt dela konstnärens upplevelse och fascination av ett romerskt motiv.

Givaren, fru Ulla-Bella Sandberg (1926-2013) var mångårig medlem av Nationalmusei Vänner. Hon testamenterade hela sin kvarlåtenskap till Nationalmuseum. Denna donation jämte gåvomedel från direktör Gunnar Hultmark möjliggjorde förvärvet av Constantin Hansens utsökta vy från Rom. Nationalmuseum har inga egna medel att förvärva konst och konsthantverk för utan samlingarna berikas genom gåvor och privata stiftelse- och fondmedel.

The Borgia family was a powerful and influential noble family in Italy during the Renaissance. The family rose to prominence in the 15th and 16th centuries, and they are perhaps best known for their scandalous behavior and political machinations. The most famous members of the Borgia family include Pope Alexander VI, his son Cesare Borgia, and his daughter Lucrezia Borgia. The Borgia family is often associated with crime, excesses, corruption, nepotism, and murder, though the full extent of their wrongdoing is still debated by historians. Francesco Borgia Francesco Borgia was a Spanish Jesuit priest and the third Superior General of the Society of Jesus, a religious order within the Catholic Church. He was a member of the Borgia family and was known for his piety, humility, and charitable work, and he is often considered a saintly figure in contrast to the more infamous members of his family, such as Pope Alexander VI and Cesare Borgia. He was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1670, and his feast day is celebrated on October 10th. Rodrigo Borgia Rodrigo Borgia was an Italian nobleman who rose to become Pope Alexander VI, the head of the Catholic Church from 1492 to 1503. He was the father of several famous children, including Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia, who were also influential figures during this period. Despite his many controversies, Pope Alexander VI was also a patron of the arts and a successful political leader, and he played a key role in the political and religious landscape of 15th and 16th-century Italy. Cesare Borgia Cesare Borgia fought for his father and later for his own interests, and played a key role in the political and military conflicts of 15th and 16th century Italy. Despite his many successes, Cesare is associated with corruption, cruelty, and treachery, and he is often remembered as a notorious figure from this period. Lucrezia Borgia Lucrezia Borgia, 1480-1519, a daughter of the Spanish cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, later Pope Alexander VI, and his Roman mistress Vannozza Catanei, was born in Ferrara, Papal States. She was a central figure of the Borgia family and the Early Italian Renaissance. Lucrezia is best known for her reputation as a ruthless and calculating politician, and for her alleged involvement in the murder of her brother's political rivals. Despite her reputation, there is little evidence to support the many lurid rumors that circulated about her during her lifetime. She was married several times, and her marriages were often used as political tools by her father, Pope Alexander VI, and her brother, Cesare Borgia. Lucrezia's three successive marriages into prominent families helped build the political and territorial power of the Borgias. In 1491, at age of 11 years old, she was successively betrothed to two Spanish nobles. But after her father became pope in 1492, he sought an alliance with the Sforza family of Milan against the Aragonese dynasty of Naples. In 1493 Lucrezia married to Giovanni Sforza, lord of Pesaro. When Giovanni became an enemy of the Borgias, Alexander annulled the marriage in 1497 on the dubious grounds of nonconsummation, and in 1498 arranged a marriage between Lucrezia and the 17-year-old Alfonso, duke of Bisceglie, an illegitimate son of Alfonso II of Naples. In July 1500 Alfonso was wounded on the steps of St. Peter’s and while recovering, was strangled by one of Cesare’s servants. Lucrezia retired to Nepi, and three years after, in 1501, appeared with the "Infans Romanus" (Roman Infant) the three-year-old boy named Giovanni. Two papal bulls recognized the child as the illegitimate son first of Cesare, then of Alexander, who was probably the true father. The mysterious origin of the child as well as Lucrezia’s presence at a celebrated night orgy at the Vatican supported the rumors of incest in the Borgia family. Alfonso d’Este, son of Ercole I, duke of Ferrara, married Lucrezia on December 30, 1501, but shunned the union for a time because of the Borgias’ reputation. When Alexander VI finally died in 1503, Lucrezia ceased to play a political role to live a normal life at the brilliant court of Ferrara, which became a center for the arts and letters of the Italian Renaissance. Lucrezia Borgia was known for her intelligence and political savvy, she was a major player in the complex political landscape of 15th and 16th-century Italy. Lucrezia turned to religion in her last years and died at the age of 39.

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1836
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Nationalmuseum Stockholm
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