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Building the ark / Gillam. - Political cartoon, public domain image
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Illustration shows Republican revelers in the foreground making music as they pass a reform ark being constructed in the background. Depicted are John Sherman playing pipes labeled "Southern Outrages", John Logan playing cymbals labeled "Pensions", Whitelaw Reid playing pan pipes labeled "Monopoly", James Blaine playing a lyre, George Robeson riding on a donkey labeled "Surplus", with George Hoar, John Roach, Joseph Keifer, and Roscoe Conkling among them. Among the crowd that follows are Ulysses S. Grant, Jay Gould, and possibly Rutherford B. Hayes, also a man playing a tambourine labeled "Bossism" and another carrying a standard labeled "Spoils", and one with a sign labeled "River & Harbor Frauds". In the background, John Carlisle stands at the head of those building the ark, also shown are Henry Watterson with hammer and chisle, William Morrison holding up "Morrison's Tariff Reform Plan", and Abram Hewitt holding "Hewitt's Free Trade Plank". The ribs of the ship are labeled "Tariff Reform, Raw Materials Free, Lower Iron Tax, Lower Tax on Woolens, [and] Works of Art Free".
Illus. from Puck, v. 15, no. 365, (1884 March 5), centerfold.
Copyright 1884 by Keppler & Schwarzmann.
Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography, introduced the subject of colored lithography in 1818. Printers in other countries, such as France and England, were also started producing color prints. The first American chromolithograph—a portrait of Reverend F. W. P. Greenwood—was created by William Sharp in 1840. Chromolithographs became so popular in American culture that the era has been labeled as "chromo civilization". During the Victorian times, chromolithographs populated children's and fine arts publications, as well as advertising art, in trade cards, labels, and posters. They were also used for advertisements, popular prints, and medical or scientific books.
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