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Alfred Jensen - Hamburger Tanker "Phoebus" in der Elbmündung (1903)
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Das Schiffsporträt zeigt den Dampfer in Begleitung des Lotsenschoners Elbe" 3 mit mehreren Flaggen, darunter das R für die Reederei, gleichzeitig auch die Schornsteinmarke, ferner die Flaggen Deutschlands, der USA und Hamburgs. Der frühe Tanker läuft für die noch recht junge Reederei ‚Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellschaft‘ in Hamburg (später Esso), gegründet von Wilhelm Anton Riedemann (1832-1920), dessen erste Tankdampfer bereits in den 1880er Jahren verkehrten. Der stählerne Tanker wurde 1903 bei DJ Dunlop & Co in Port Glasgow gebaut, bei Kriegsausbruch 1914 in San Francisco beschlagnahmt und in De Soto für Standard Oil Comp New Jersey umbenannt. Als Pennsilvannia bzw. Pensilvania lief das Schiff von 1924/28 für eine italienische Reederei aus Genua. Von britischen Flugzeugen 1941 vor Mogadischo schwer beschädigt, blieb nur noch das Abwracken. Vgl. Auke Visser's German Esso Tanker's site.
In 1862, John D. Rockefeller, a resident of Cleveland Ohio, joined with two partners to establish an oil-refining company. The men purchased oil wells in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and constructed a well near Cleveland. In 1865, Rockefeller bought out one of the partners' interest in the company, creating Rockefeller & Andrews Oil Company. In this year alone, the business earned approximately 200,000 dollars. While Rockefeller reaped extensive wealth in 1865, the oil industry was just beginning to grow. Most people only used oil for lighting. The market was limited. Prices fluctuated dramatically, as oil production waxed and waned during this period. To try and stabilize oil prices Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews, his partner, approached O.H. Payne, owner of the largest oil refinery in Cleveland. They proposed that the three men unite their companies together. By having a single oil company operating in northeastern Ohio, this company could hopefully fix prices and avoid the tremendous swings as production sometimes increased or dwindled. The company organizers convinced numerous other Cleveland firms to join with them. In other cases, they bought out the companies or drove them out of business by selling their oil for a much cheaper price than their competitors could. In 1870, Rockefeller united these companies together as the Standard Oil Company.
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