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Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Nerve center of Civilian Defense communications. A message center keeps constantly in touch with developments throughout the city by telephone and radio. A vital part of civilian defense work is the proper handling of trouble calls, assignment of crews to troubled areas and the passing on of orders for prompt action. One operator is connected with the first aid center, one with the decontamination squad, one with the disaster unit and another with the emergency service division. Girls shown at work in the message center of central alarm system, Washington, D.C.
Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Nerve center of civilian defense communications. A message center keeps constantly in touch with developments throughout the city by telephone and radio. A vital part of civilian defense work is the proper handling of trouble calls, assignment of crews to troubled areas and the passing on of orders for prompt action. One operator is connected with the first aid center, one with the decontamination squad, one with the disaster unit and another with the emergency service division. Girls shown at work in the message center of central alarm system, Washington, D.C
Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Nerve center of Civilian Defense communications. A message center keeps constantly in touch with developments throughout the city by telephone and radio. A vital part of civilian defense work is the proper handling of trouble calls, assignment of crews to troubled areas and the passing on of orders for prompt action. One operator is connected with the first aid center, one with the decontamination squad, one with the disaster unit and another with the emergency service division. Girls shown at work in the message center of central alarm system, Washington, D.C
Office of Civilian Defense workers help protect nation's capital. Air raid wardens at a sector meeting in Washington, D.C., discuss the zones they control during a practice air raid. The air raid warden, key man of the civilian defense organization, must be well known to the people of his sector. It is his job to clear the streets, see that people take proper cover, prevent panic and summon aid promptly when it is needed
Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Fully equipped to cope with any situation they may encounter are the volunteer auxiliary firemen of Washington, D.C. Trained to fight incendiary and fires of other causes during raids, they are shown carrying hose into a building during a drill
Office of Civilian Defense workers help protect nation's capital. Ever on the alert is the fire watcher, who mounts to his high vantage point at the first alarm. He is responsible for detecting incendiary fires, contacting his organization promptly so that such fires may be quickly extinguished
Office of Civilian Defense workers help protect nation's capital. Ever on the alert is the fire watcher, who mounts to his high vantage point at the first alarm. He is responsible for detecting incendiary fires, contacting his organization promptly so that such fires may be quickly extinguished
Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Fully equipped to cope with any situation they may encounter are the volunteer auxiliary firemen of Washington, D.C. Trained to fight incendiary and fires of other causes during raids, they are shown carrying hose into a building during a drill
A couple of men standing next to a fire. Office of War Information Photograph
Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Nerve center of civilian defense communications. A message center keeps constantly in touch with developments throughout the city by telephone and radio. A vital part of civilian defense work is the proper handling of trouble calls, assignment of crews to troubled areas and the passing on of orders for prompt action. One operator is connected with the first aid center, one with the decontamination squad, one with the disaster unit and another with the emergency service division. Girls shown at work in the message center of central alarm system, Washington, D.C.
Summary
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The invention of the telephone still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits to resolve the patent claims of commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison patents, however, dominated telephone technology and were upheld by court decisions in the United States. Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent the telephone as an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically". The telephone exchange was an idea of the Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás (1844 - 1893) in 1876, while he was working for Thomas Edison on a telegraph exchange. Before the invention of the telephone switchboard, pairs of telephones were connected directly with each other, practically functioned as an intercom. Although telephones devices were in use before the invention of the telephone exchange, their success and economical operation would have been impossible with the schema and structure of the contemporary telegraph systems. A telephone exchange was operated manually by operators, or automatically by machine switching. It interconnects individual phone lines to make calls between them. The first commercial telephone exchange was opened at New Haven, Connecticut, with 21 subscribers on 28 January 1878, in a storefront of the Boardman Building in New Haven, Connecticut. George W. Coy designed and built the world's first switchboard for commercial use. The District Telephone Company of New Haven went into operation with only twenty-one subscribers, who paid $1.50 per month, a one-night price for a room in a city-center hotel. Coy was inspired by Alexander Graham Bell's lecture at the Skiff Opera House in New Haven on 27 April 1877. In Bell's lecture, during which a three-way telephone connection with Hartford and Middletown, Connecticut, was demonstrated, he first discussed the idea of a telephone exchange for the conduct of business and trade.